広々とした新潟平野といえども、近年は建造物が増え、すっきりとした広がりのある風景を撮影できる場所は限られています。福島潟も、かつての干拓ブームによって面積が狭まってしまいましたが、旧豊栄市時代にある程度の広さが残されました。
雪山を背景に広がる水辺には、多くの水鳥がねぐらとし、遠くには家並みが見えます。そのため、人々の暮らしの景色も自然の一部として溶け込んでいるように感じられます。福島潟の風景は、自然と人とがひとつながりの中に存在していることを実感させてくれる場所です。
景観工学の中村良夫さんは、「よい風景」とは「見たい風景対象が視野のなかで見やすい位置と大きさを与えられていること」と定義しています。その上で、日本の経済成長の結果、住まいには物があふれ、同じことが町や国土全体にも起こり、住まいも町も居心地が悪くなっていると指摘しています。
富士山が世界遺産に登録された理由も、端的に言えば、人々の生活の中で風景として大切に受け継がれてきたからだと解釈できます。福島潟の自然や風景も、将来世代にわたって良い形で残していくことが、その文化的価値をさらに高めていくのでしょう。
ちなみに、世界遺産の登録基準は以下の通りです・・
Even in the vast Niigata Plain, the number of buildings has increased in recent years, limiting the number of places where you can take pictures of the open landscape. Fukushima Lake also lost some of its area due to the land reclamation boom in the past, but a certain amount of space remained during the former Toyosaka City era.
Many water birds nest along the water’s edge against the backdrop of snow-capped mountains, and houses can be seen in the distance. Therefore, it feels as if the scenery of people’s lives blends in with nature. The landscape of Fukushima Lake is a place that makes one feel that nature and people exist as one interconnected entity.
Yoshio Nakamura, an expert in landscape engineering, defines a “good landscape” as one where the desired landscape elements are positioned and sized in a way that makes them easy to see within the field of vision. He points out that as a result of Japan’s economic growth, homes have become cluttered with possessions, and the same phenomenon has occurred in towns and across the entire country, making both homes and towns less comfortable to live in.
The reason Mount Fuji was registered as a World Heritage Site can be simply interpreted as it having been cherished and passed down as a landscape in people’s lives. Preserving the natural environment and landscapes of Fukushima Lake in a positive manner for future generations will further enhance their cultural value.
Incidentally, the criteria for World Heritage registration are as follows…
(i) Masterpieces of human creative talent.
(ii) It represents an exchange of values over a period of time or within a culture that has had an important influence on the development of architecture, science and technology, monuments, urban planning, or landscape design.
(iii)It is unique (or at least rare) as evidence of the transmission of the existence of a cultural tradition or civilization, whether extant or extinct.
(iv) It is a remarkable example of architecture, a collection of architecture, a collection of science and technology, or a landscape that illustrates an important stage in history.
(v) It is an outstanding example representing a traditional form of habitation or a form of land use on land or sea that is characteristic of a culture (or cultures). (viii)is an outstanding example of the interaction between humankind and the environment (especially one whose survival is threatened by irreversible change)
(vi)It is directly or substantially related to an event, living tradition, idea, belief, artistic or literary work of outstanding universal value (this criterion should be used in conjunction with other criteria).
(vii)It encompasses a superlative natural phenomenon or an area of exceptional natural beauty or aesthetic value.
(viii)Is a remarkable example representing a major stage in the Earth’s history, such as a record of life evolution, a significant ongoing geologic process in landform formation, or an important geomorphic or natural geographic feature.
(ix) is a prominent example representing an ongoing ecological or biological process that is important in the evolution and development of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems and plant and animal communities
(x) encompass the natural habitats most important for in situ conservation of biodiversity, including habitats of threatened species of outstanding universal value for scientific or conservation purposes.
Cultural heritage if registered under (i) to (vi), and natural heritage if registered under (vii) to (iv). Of course, this does not apply to all, but controlling the development of a region in light of these criteria will lead to the creation of a unique region.
EOS5DMarkⅢ 74mm 1/250秒 f:10
©️photo by Nakamura Osamu